Anabolic Steroids

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Definition
Anabolic steroids are a group of natural and synthetic hormones that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue. They have received negative publicity because they are sometimes used by athletes illegally to increase muscle size and strength. Synthetic hormones are exogenous and naturally occurring hormones are endogenous.

Exogenous
1-Androstendiol, 1-Androstendione, Danazol, Norethandrolone, Stanozolol, and 1-Testosterone

Endogenous
Androstenediol, Androstenedione, Dihydrotestosterone, Prasterone, and Testosterone

Usage
Legal use of anabolic steroids is limited to treatment of documented medical conditions such as hypogonadism. Most anabolic steroids are injected, but some can be swallowed.

Effects
Men who take anabolic steroids may actually experience a "feminization" effect along with a decrease in normal male sexual function. Some possible effects include: impotence, gynecomastia (development of breasts), hypogonadism (shrinking of the testicles), and reduced sperm count. Women often experience a "masculinization" effect from anabolic steroids, including the following: breast reduction, deepened voice, facial hair growth, and menstrual cycle changes.

The continued use of anabolic steroids produces the following side effects in both sexes: acne, bloating, blood disorders, elevated cholesterol levels, liver damage, premature heart attacks and strokes, rapid weight gain, and weakened tendons.

Detection
Anabolic steroids are typically screened for use by a urine test.

Law
Anabolic steroids can only be sold lawfully by a pharmacist to someone with a doctor's prescription. Use for increased sports performance is prohibited.