Barbiturates

Photo courtesy of DEA photo library

Definition
Barbiturates were developed in the early 1900s and are sedative-hypnotic drugs that have therapeutic uses in the treatment of insomnia, seizure disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, and headache pain. Butalbital is a frequently encountered barbiturate and is commonly found in combination with other drugs such as acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, and codeine.

Trade Names
Amytal, Bellaspas, Cephadyn, Donnatal, Esgic Plus, Fioricet, Fiorinal, Mysoline, Phenobarbital, Phrenilin Forte, Seconal, Tuinal, and Zebutal

Usage
Barbiturates are available as oral tablets, elixirs, and injectables (both intramuscular and intravenous).

Effects
Intoxication with barbiturates can result in altered gait, coma, confusion, decreased heart rate, dilated pupils, disorientation, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, lightheadedness, sedation, slurred speech, and stupor.

Detection
Barbiturates can be detected in urine and hair.

Law
Barbiturates are only available in the United States by a prescription from a licensed physician (either D.O. or M.D.).